"Some
years ago I felt the term “religious right” was accurate enough for
describing a large segment of the church world’s involvement in American
“conservative” politics, but it seemed inadequate as a term when one
struggled to understand the theological underpinnings that were driving
the movement. Questions kept surfacing such as, “Why were so many
religious conservatives becoming so politically militant?” It seemed
like a contradiction in terms. And it wasn’t sufficient to argue that
political issues such as the right to have an abortion, the right of
same sex couples to marry or concerns over the environment were
polarizing the nation—for the nation was often divided over difficult
issues, especially when the morality gauge tilted back and forth like a
see-saw with weighted opinions on both sides.
It had to be
something else that was going on in the churches that explained the new
demand for political involvement. In fact, it became obvious that a new
religious doctrine was being taught that urged Christians “To take back
America!” not just as a political objective but also as a theological
and religious necessity.
However, the ultimate goal was not
always stated openly and it was only after much study over a period of
years, that included transcribing over 1,300 pages of statements of
religious radio and television superstars, and comparing the wording of
similar passages from different authors’ books, and creating parallel
columns of quotes, that I finally uncovered an unmistakable reliance
among Christian Right leaders upon the teachings of R. J. Rushdoony, who
as it turned out, was indeed the theological founder of dominionism.
Only then did I begin using the words dominion, dominionists and
dominionism. For it had become apparent that dominion was in fact the
predominant self-determined word of the movement, and that “taking
dominion” was considered a religious as well as a political act.
Consider that Webster’s Third New International dictionary defines
“dominion” in its primary meaning:
“A supremacy in
determining and directing the actions of others or in governing
politically, socially, or personally: acknowledged ascendancy over human
or nonhuman forces such as assures cogency in commanding or restraining
and being obeyed: sovereignty.”
Thus the word dominionism grew
out of the religious leaders’ own use of the term ‘dominion,’ which in
turn led me to the writings of the intellectual and spiritual father of
the movement: Rousas John Rushdoony. His work was picked up and
broadcast by those he influenced—and over the course of time, he reached
literally millions of people across America, including D. James
Kennedy, the late pastor of the Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church in
Florida, who was selected in 2005 by American pastors as the “most
trusted spokesperson for Christianity,” along with Pat Robertson who
also made it in the top ten.[1] Kennedy’s messages are still being
broadcast by television and radio to over 40,000 cities in America and
202 foreign countries.[2]
Both Rushdoony and D. James Kennedy
were repeated guests on Pat Robertson’s 700 Club show.[3] (Be aware that
at the time, Robertson was reaching a projected monthly audience of
28.7 million viewers). Rushdoony also appeared on Kennedy’s television
program. But Rushdoony remained relatively unknown, largely because his
ideas were often transmitted without credit to him. (See my essay,
published on the web in 2006, titled “Outing Creeping Dominionism,”
which includes a link to the parallel—eye-opening—quotes that reveal
Robertson’s failure to attribute his material to Rushdoony.) And see the
Robertson/Rushdoony parallel quotes here.
It is important to
understand that R. J. Rushdoony didn’t just use the term “dominion,” he
also created the theological foundation for it in his writings. For
instance, he wrote:
“Man was created to exercise dominion
under God and as God’s appointed vice-gerent over the earth. Dominion is
thus a basic urge of man’s nature…. Dominion does not disappear when a
man renounces it; it is simply transferred to another person…or the
state. The meek are the redeemed whom God has burdened, oppressed, and
broken to harness, so that they are tamed and workable…. Man has a
God-given urge to dominion, to power.” [4] (Emphasis Rushdoony’s)
In addition, Rushdoony linked the primeval Genesis account with what he
called, “God’s cultural mandate,”[5] a term that is now synonymous with
“Dominionism,” but more obscure in its meaning and therefore tends to
be a more acceptable and “convenient” term. However, as Rushdoony
described it, the words are interchangeable:
“The cultural
mandate is thus the obligation of covenant man to subdue the earth and
to exercise dominion over it under God (Gen. 1:26-28).”[6]
Significantly, Rushdoony added this revealing statement: “All enemies of Christ in this fallen world must be conquered.”[7]
This new muscular theology spread like wildfire and D. James Kennedy,
America’s “most trusted spokesman for Christianity,” held conferences
titled “Reclaim America” that attracted hundreds of believers from all
over America. In 2005, he wrote this message to the conferees:
“Our job is to reclaim America for Christ, whatever the cost. As the
vice regents of God, we are to exercise godly dominion and influence
over our neighborhoods, our schools, our government, our literature and
arts, our sports arenas, our entertainment media, our news media, our
scientific endeavors—in short, over every aspect and institution of
human society.”[8]
Yet eighteen years earlier, on September 30,
1987, the same D. James Kennedy testified before the House Subcommittee
on Oversight, “Our television ministry engages in the same sort of
activities for which the church was established, namely: the preaching
of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; the inculcation of His teachings; and the
fulfillment of the Cultural Mandate…”[9] (Emphasis mine.) Surely, it is
reasonable to assume that not one member of that congressional
committee knew or understood the real meaning of “the cultural mandate.”
Kennedy added, “The Founders of this country believed that God owned
the church and that God owned the state. God is letting the Government
use a lot of His real estate in America.”[10]
However, in
Kennedy’s use of the term “Cultural Mandate” at the congressional
hearings, he was careful to make a distinction between moral and
political issues. He said, “We do not speak out on partisan political
issues or on candidates.” (Of course if the church had taken partisan
political positions, it would have jeopardized its tax-exempt status.)
Therein lies the heart of the matter and the thorny problem is whether,
by adopting Dominionism and the Cultural Mandate, churches are
converting the Gospel into a new political party with political goals at
the same time they are maintaining their right to a tax-exempt status
and in that process, also creating a new anti-Christian religion.
Similarly, Pat Robertson, also following Rushdoony’s lead, described
the biblical basis for the new political religion’s agenda this way:
“Almighty God wants us to recapture the dominion man held in the
beginning… Remember, at the time of creation man exercised authority,
under God’s sovereignty, over everything. He was God’s surrogate, His
steward or regent. …The Genesis account uses two colorful words to
describe this. One… we translate ‘dominion.’ The word means to ‘rule
over’ or ‘tread down,’ as with grapes…” [11]"
No comments:
Post a Comment